МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КЛАСТЕРНОЇ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article reveals the meaning of the cluster concept, outlines the positive effects of the development of the cluster concept as a form of business organisation for the economic security of the country. A general interpretation of the definition of a cluster as an association of geographically closely related enterprises, including enterprises that have a single goal in their activities and receive support from the state or local authorities. The main instruments and areas of cluster support in the national programmes of the countries of the international economic space have been identified. The main sources of financing cluster associations in the global business environment are identified. The creation of clusters as an organised system of information and technology diffusion makes it possible to quickly implement changes and modernise technologies due to their flexibility. The economic efficiency of clusters, which is implemented taking into account the determinant principles: the tendency to meet the needs of consumers at the highest level, the minimum number of hierarchical levels, as the cluster includes various enterprises that can solve most of the tasks of the customer, the existence of an integrated information system, which allows to concentrate on the performance of important tasks, the most flexible organisational structure. The obstacles in implementing the cluster concept and its consequences on the economic security of the nation have been outlined. The efficacy of clusters is justified by adhering to specific principles, including the following: the tendency to satisfy consumer needs at the highest level, the minimum number of hierarchical levels, the existence of an integrated information system, the fastest reaction to changes in the internal and external environment, adaptation to new conditions, a maximally flexible organisational structure, self-organisation at a high level, use of dynamic forms of competition with cooperation and collaboration prevailing over domination and acquisition. The Global Innovation Index 2021 highlighted the weight of the "state of cluster development" indicator as part of the business environment index. Furthermore, the paper outlines the place of Ukraine in the structure of the Global Innovation Index 2021.