Метрит корів як причина зниження їх репродуктивної здатності (оглядова стаття)

Abstract

The reason of insufficient development of dairy farming is often connected with impaired reproductive capacity in cows, which leads to their infertility due to obstetric and gynecological pathology. The following common pathologies are registered: delayed placenta, subinvolution of uterus, cervicitis, vaginitis, uterine inversion. Metritis of cows is diagnosed most frequently. With the development of metritis there is a violation of motor and secretory function of the uterus, its morphostructure of tissues changes, which is manifested in destructive and atrophic changes of the integumentary and glandular epithelium. It is characterized by an increase of body temperature, decreased appetite, fatness. The cow often assumes a position to urinate, bends its back, and hunches for a long time. Inflammatory exudate is released from the genital slit. During the examination of the uterus enlargement of the horns, their asymmetry, fluctuations and pain are observed. Depending on the location of the process there are inflammations of the mucous membrane - endometritis, middle muscular membrane – myometritis, serous – perimetritis and wide uterine ligaments – parametritis. Most often several or all layers of the uterus are involved in the inflammatory process. According to the course, they can be acute, subacute and chronic. By the nature of the manifestation the following ones are distinguished: clinical or subclinical; by the nature of the exudate – catarrhal, catarrhal – purulent, fibrinous, necrotic and gangrenous. In addition, there are violations of the morphostructure of the ovaries, which are manifested by inferiority of intercourse cycles, or anaphrodisia. Laboratory tests of inflammatory exudate reveal sulphur-containing substances that have increased proteolytic properties that lead to exposure and hyperplasia of the epithelium of the endometrium and glands, fusion and cyst formation, as well as the amino acid cysteine, which has a toxic effect on the contractile apparatus of sperm. In addition, exudate contains ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen peroxide, which are toxic to sperm, eggs and embryos. Thus, structural and functional changes in the uterus and ovaries of cows in case of metritis lead to the loss of reproductive capacity in cows (infertility).