Вопросы преподавания иностранных языков в высших образовательных организациях неязыкового направления

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to consider the second component of language communication — communication, that is, the mechanism of acts of exchange of language signs. Despite the fact that the system of language signs and communication are phenomena with completely different physical nature and essence, the fact that they both act as different aspects of the same complex phenomenon — language communication, determines their closest relationship and interdependence.. The article formulates the prerequisites that actualize the question of the need for the division of language signs into two categories for understanding the mechanism of language communication: ready-made signs, or signs stored in the memory of speakers (writing) in the form of "images" or "prints", and new signs, or signs created by speakers (writing) in themselves acts of communication. In addition, the analysis of the definition of "ready-made" and "new" signs is carried out, this classification refers to the communicative side of language communication and primarily concerns the process of transmitting language messages (speaking, writing). Special attention is paid to the division of signs into ready—made and new ones quite clearly takes place only in each individual act of communication and is valid for this particular person - the speaker or the writer. The tasks of developing a methodology for teaching languages are defined. Mastering both aspects of the transmission technique — storing a stock of ready—made signs in memory and the skills of forming new signs (sign formation) - seems equally important. At the same time, it is necessary, however, to take into account that the specific weight of these aspects in communication significantly depends on the order of the sign. The logical result of the study was the conclusion that the very fact of the division of signs appearing in any act of communication into ready-made and new ones and the knowledge of the general laws of this division helps us to uncover the true mechanism of language communication and, based on this, to determine the ways of the most rational mastery of the technique of transmitting language messages, which presents the greatest difficulties for the language learner. It is also appropriate to emphasize that with the help of a statistical survey, it is possible to select those signs of all orders that should become "ready" for the student (i.e. stored in his memory), in order to ensure his full participation in language communication (in his given field). And this is of paramount importance for the compilation of effective textbooks of foreign languages.