Ефективність вирощування зернових культур за органічного землеробства на схилових агроландшафтах

Abstract

Goal. To determine the effectiveness of the elements of the technology of growing grain crops on sloping agro-landscapes for the production of organic products. Methods. Field — to observe the growth and development of plants, formation of yield, and assessment of elements of cultivation technology; measuring and measuring-weighing — to determine the yield of crops; laboratory — to determine the qualitative characteristics of agrochemical and physicochemical properties; statistical — to establish the reliability of the obtained research results; calculation-comparative — to assess the economic efficiency of the main elements of cultivation technology. Results. Under organic farming, the use of soil-protecting no-till soil cultivation and the entering biological preparations secured a high soil-protecting effect of degraded sloping agro-landscapes and an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 28% and spring barley by 15%. The positive effect of entering biopreparations on the sowing of grain crops under organic farming, which improves grain quality indicators, is proved. The efficiency of the main tillage methods, taking into account the biological features of crops in the chain of soil-protective crop rotation, was established. The productivity of grain crops (winter wheat and spring barley) at the use of biological preparations and measures of soil protection from erosion, which contributed to the improvement of the ecological and economic situation, were determined. The effectiveness of organic farming using no-till soil cultivation and the entering of biological preparations was proved. These measures ensured the highest yield of winter wheat (3.78–3.79 t/ha), and spring barley (2.45–2.46 t/ha). Conclusions. The use of the proposed organic technology of growing winter wheat and spring barley based on biologization is effective and relevant for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the best agricultural measure was no-tillage soil cultivation with entering biological preparations, thanks to which the productivity of plants increased and the highest average grain yield was formed.