ВПЛИВ ОБЛІКОВОЇ СТАВКИ НБУ НА БАНКІВСЬКІ ДЕПОЗИТИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

Abstract

The work considers individual factors influencing the deposit policy of Ukrainian banks during the two periods of the aggression of the Russian Federation in the east of Ukraine and the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (2014-2021) and the full-scale invasion (2022). The specified period in particular is characterized by radical and mostly successful reforms carried out in the banking system of Ukraine which affected its stable operation during the period of hostilities. The article examines the influence of the NBU Key Policy Rate on the formation of the deposit policy of banks depending on the terms of placement of funds in national and foreign currencies, the general trends of the deposit policy of banks regarding the establishment of interest rates on deposits during the period of military operations on the territory of Ukraine are determined. The volume of funds raised in the economy was studied, trends were established regarding changes in the resources raised and factors of influence from the state and banks on certain sectors of the economy which contributed to the preservation and growth of the deposit portfolio during 2014-2021. An analysis of interest rates on raised household deposits was carried out which make up the largest share of all involved bank resources. It has been established that individuals have changed their priorities reorienting themselves from long-term placement of their own funds to short-term ones or have refused to place term deposits altogether. The influence of the discount rate on the deposit policy of banks during the period of full-scale war is studied. It was established that the effect of external factors was decisive in this period and the influence of the NBU Key Policy Rate was insignificant. The work also determines the impact of decisions made by the state authorities of Ukraine and the National Bank on the volume of resources involved during the period of a full-scale invasion in 2022.