Оценка факторов развития экономики и бизнеса в странах Ближнего Востока

Abstract

In the article, based on the analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators and the values ​​of the indices of global competitiveness, doing business, innovation and fragility of states, exogenous and endogenous factors and conditions for the development of the economy and business in the countries of the Middle East are determined. The authors conclude that despite certain achievements in modernization of the economy and diversification of the export of goods and services, there are risks associated with the high dependence of most countries in the region on world oil prices, political regional instability, the inflow of labor migrants, import dependence, and the peg of national currencies of individual countries against the US dollar, insignificant technological effectiveness and a relatively low level of innovative development, with the exception of Israel, which, unlike other countries in the region, is less prone to exogenous shocks. At the same time, Lebanon and Jordan are among the outsiders in most macroeconomic indicators, and the economic development of Iran, as a country with good economic potential, is constrained by many years of sanctions. In the conclusion the authors give recommendations on the directions of development of the economies of the countries of the region.