Проблеми організації ортодонтичної допомоги дітям, які проживають у м. Ужгород

Abstract

Introduction. In the structure of the prevalence of dental diseases, children with dentoalveolar anomalies (DAA) take the third place after the dental caries and periodontal tissue diseases. According to the WHO, the prevalence of DAA is 50% on average. However, the dental care provided does not always meet existing needs, and patients need to expand its volume and improve its quality. Purpose: to study the problems of organizing orthodontic care for children living in Uzhhorod. Materials and methods. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic observation and rehabilitation of children at the orthodontist, an in-depth study of the observation method was conducted in comparison with the appointment on demand. Planned treatment and preventive measures covered 432 elementary school students, and 228 students of the same age in Uzhgorod who received orthodontic care on demand. Statistical data processing was performed on a personal computer using licensed software for the Windows operating system and the standard Statsoft software package. Inc STATISTICA 6.0 2300 East 14th Street Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Student's t-test values were used to determine the reliability of the difference in results. Results and discussion. Screening of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in the city of Uzhgorod showed that 54% of children and teenagers have defects that need treatment. In children living in Uzhgorod, the frequency of formed DAA ranges from 32.9 to 33.2%, those which are forming – from 19.7 to 21.3%, those with risk factors for development from 16.9 to 18.3% of the total number of examinees. The vast majority of children (97.7%) have DAA combined with abnormalities of other systems and organs: postural disorders and scoliosis (82.9%), myopia (82.7%). The prevalence of DAA is uneven in different age. In the period of temporary dentition, anomalies occur in 24% of children, in the period of mixed dentition – in 49%, and at the age of 17 (permanent dentition) in 35%. There is an increase in the frequency of DAA between the ages of 6 and 11 years. Conclusions. The high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies is a consequence of insufficient coverage of the pediatric population with the necessary orthodontic care. The success of orthodontic treatment depends on the contact of the patient and (or) his parents with the doctor, therefore, an orthodontist needs special psychological training. It is necessary to expand the sanitary and educational work among the population and in the mass media regarding the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, timely detection and treatment of anomalies of the dentomaxillofacial system.