Покращення показників автомобільних дизельних двигунів при додаванні водневої каталітичної добавки

Abstract

The aim of the study is to present a new proposed method for improving the efficiency of transportation diesel engines. Considering the rising cost of transportation, where 80% of the expenses are attributed to fuel costs, there is a necessity to develop methods for reducing fuel consumption. Among the main approaches are the use of alternative fuels or fuel additives. One of the most effective and promising options is the utilization of hydrogen, both as an alternative fuel and a fuel additive. Among the crucial factors significantly influencing the efficiency of hydrogen additives is the method of their delivery to the internal combustion engine. Injecting hydrogen during the engine's intake stroke, although a simple method, faces challenges in achieving precise engine control and poses risks due to the potential formation of an explosive mixture in the intake tract and subsequent ignition. A proposed solution involves introducing small hydrogen additives into the high-pressure fuel line, between the fuel pump and the injector. After the completion of the injection process in the high-pressure line, a "rarefaction wave" is generated. Utilizing this effect allows introducing a small amount of hydrogen into the diesel fuel. Hydrogen delivery is ensured by a special device equipped with a check valve that reacts to changes in pressure in the fuel line. Hydrogen, when introduced into the fuel, promotes improved combustion and increased engine efficiency. This results in a reduction in fuel consumption by 0.4 to 3.5% compared to nominal values, with particularly high fuel efficiency observed at partial load conditions, as well as during acceleration and maneuvers. It is worth noting the positive environmental impact of this technology. When adding hydrogen in a proportion of 0.1% of the fuel mass, a decrease in hydrocarbon emissions by 40–50% and carbon monoxide by 15–25% is observed. However, an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions by 3–7% has been identified, which is associated with a certain elevation of the maximum cycle temperature. Nevertheless, NOx emissions increase can be mitigated by implementing appropriate adjustments to the engine's operating parameters.