Репрезентація темпорального коду національної лінгвокультури в наївній (донауковій) картині світу

Abstract

Time is not only a form of matter existence, a fourth coordinate, but also a category of linguistic culture, a phenomenon of a specific conceptual worldview. The present study aims to examine the linguistic and worldview phenomena which have specific linguocultural features, in particular, the temporal code which reveals a system of beliefs about time characteristic for the speakers of the Ukrainian language. The article describes the results of the reconstruction of a temporal fragment from a pre-scientific worldview. The study is based on the semasiological procedure of field modelling as well as etymological, component and syntaxeme analyses. It relies on the knowledge about word origin in the temporal group as well as about phraseological units containing words with the central seme of time and vocabulary characterized by a temporal connotation. The article elucidates two key associative vectors which guide the cognition of the temporal, namely, «time – human» and «time – environment». It provides data which reflect naïve beliefs about physics and psychology of time, coded in the Ukrainian idioms. The author examines the syntaxemic functions within phraseologisms based on temporal vocabulary. The axiological peculiarities of verbal contexts producing temporal semantics have been investigated and their utilitarian, teleological, and emotional evaluations have been described. The article offers arguments in favour of systemic connections between the temporal code of linguistic culture with the biomorphic, the objective and the somatic. The author explains that the words of the temporal group reveal deep etymological associations related to the human and the environment. In some Ukrainian idioms, the vocabulary bulk with the central seme of time is related to beliefs about mythical creatures. Due to this, such vocabulary bulk within the structure of phraseologisms mainly performs the function of the subject of action and the locative. Verbal contexts in which this vocabulary with temporal connotation is employed generate primarily negative utilitarian, teleological, and emotional evaluations. The vocabulary bulk with the semantics of time has no material denotation, and the realization of the temporal code of linguistic culture is systematically linked to the biomorphic, the somatic and the substantive.