Оценка генофонда озимой ржи по урожайности в условиях Кировской области

Abstract

Insufficient yield capacity potential of varieties is one of the reasons for decrease in areas and production of winter rye grain. Creation of productive varieties adaptable to region conditions is possible with the use of modern sources of breeding-valuable traits that meet demands of growing conditions. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield capacity of 578 varieties of the world gene pool and 86 varieties of domestic selection in the conditions of the Kirov region and to select the sources of breeding-valuable traits. Studies were done in 1996-2015. During the study in collection nursery 9 varieties with yield capacity at the level of standard Falenskaya 4 (400 g/m 2 ) were selected: Zhatva, Nadezhda, Narymskaya 89 (Russian Federation); Feya (Belarus); Lira, Pallada (Ukraine); SСW 1662 (Germany); (k-11060) local (Finland); Suceava 317/76 (Romania). Nine sources of valuable traits on the density of productive plant stand (> 371 pcs./m 2 ) were selected; 15 - on ear productivity (> 19 g), 23 - on the grain size (weight of 1000 grains >36 g). The following varieties of domestic breeding have high potential of yield capacity: Purga, Tatyana, NVP-3, Pamyat' Kondratenko, Grafinya, Rushnik, Tatarskaya 1, Estafeta Tatarstana, Era, Volkhova, Roksana, Populyaciya BC, Chulpan 7, Pamyati Kunakbaeva. Heavy-productive varieties (variety Era had the maximum yield capacity - 8.28 t/ha) in some years suffer significantly or even completely die at overwintering during the period of snow mold (Microdochium nivale) epiphytoty. Varieties bred in Russia Pamyat Kondratenko, Chulpan 7, Populyaciya AC, Marusen'ka, Irina, Antares, Volna, Radon', Tatarskaya 1, Saratovskaya 6, Saratovskaya 7, Kirovskaya 89, Snezhana, and Krona can be recommended as a source of high ear productivity. Eight sources of large grains and 12 sources of grain number in an ear have been selected. Work collection of gene sources for use in modern winter rye breeding programs of the North-East breeding center has been formed.