Природные особенности и ландшафты района дельты Селенги (Байкальская природная территория)

Abstract

The article presents the data of landscape studies of the territory of the Ust-Selenginsk depression. It was formed at the beginning of the Paleogene period and became the historical core of the development of the Baikal rift zone. From the north and west, the research area is limited by large tectonically active faults, along which ascending geothermal flows seep. In the areas of their impact, changes in air and soil temperatures are recorded. The widespread development of mud volcanoes has also been noted here. The research area is characterized by peculiar and contrasting natural conditions, which determines the high degree of vulnerability of landscapes and the possibility of their irreversible transformations. It has been established that the modern tectonic lowering of the area contributes to its waterlogging. The drainage system in the area of the foothills of KhamarDaban and the left bank of the Selenga enhances the processes of soil salinization. Sands and loesslike deposits on ancient terraces and the right bank of the Selenga are influenced by Aeolian processes and turn into dunes when vegetation is destroyed. The high tectonic activity of the territory and the weak stability of the landscapes exclude the possibility of active economic activity within its borders.The problem associated with the implementation of environmental protection measures and human activities is characteristic. Its solution can be implemented based on knowledge about the features of landscape transformation.