БІБЛІЙНІ ЖІНОЧІ ОБРАЗИ ЯК СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНІ МОДЕЛІ ПОВЕДІНКИ В ЗАХІДНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОМУ СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧЧІ

Abstract

The article examines the biblical tradition of understanding women and their place in public relations. It is claimed that in the most detailed study of the biblical tradition, it does not carry the destructive power that was later given to it by theologians and philosophers. Researchers point out that every woman mentioned in the Scriptures is not accidental and symbolic. It is a model of God's action, the personification of the Kingdom of God. The theological tradition insists on equality between God's creations, but it is noted that it is possible only in the case of spiritual union with God. The possibility of women's realization in the world was limited to motherhood or monasticism. It is described that the glorification of humility before the will of the Lord was a sociocultural, religiously determined model of a woman's submission to an infinite number of rules created by moralists and preachers. The stories of three biblical women who had the most significant influence on the formation of medieval ideas about women in society are analyzed. That is, we are talking about the images of Eve and the Virgin Mary, which belong to the symbolic space of the ideal and were interconnected and balanced through the image of Mary Magdalene, which belongs to the real space of everyday life. The article argues that the image of Eve in contact with the devil and the image of Mary who destroyed the devil are two sides of the same coin. Thus, this ambivalence of female nature is a certain invariant that is inherent in androcentric culture as such.