Патофизиологическая роль микронутриентов в профилактике и лечении гестационного сахарного диабета

Abstract

Gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the frequent complications of pregnancy, which increases the risk of short- and long-term adverse outcomes in both mother and offspring. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of GD has not been sufficiently studied. Genetic predisposition and epigenetic influence, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and carbohydrate metabolism disorders may be determining factors in the onset and development of GD. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of GD over the past decade, the impact of this complication on pregnancy, childbirth, and the future health of both the woman and fetus cannot be ignored. This article reviews recent literature and discusses the relationship between the intake of various micronutrients during pregnancy and the risk of developing GD to provide some recommendations for preventing and treating this condition and improving pregnancy outcomes. Key words: gestational diabetes, insulin resistance, nutrients, micronutrients, macronutrients, vitamin D, myo-inositol