Проблема соотношения веры и знания в философии Ф.М. Достоевского

Abstract

The main subject of the paper is the well-known and truly everlasting issue – the phenomenon of the deep relationship between faith and knowledge. Using four basic and interrelated methodological approaches – metaphysical, dialectical, hermeneutic and phenomenological – this paper highlights the following: modern science and philosophy, having realized the high significance and relevance of the issue of the relationship between faith and knowledge, has not yet been able to provide a conceptual-holistic solution in this regard. Otherwise, the performed historical and philosophical paper, the main conclusions of which are presented in this cycle of articles, showed that such a decision more than a hundred years ago was ingeniously given by F.M. Dostoyevsky. This paper shows the process and result of the development and justification of F.M. Dostoyevsky's new philosophical concept of the relationship between faith and knowledge, based on: attribution-holistic their unity; possibilities of deep mutual transitions (transformations) of faith and knowledge into each other; relative cognitive transparency of these processes through special human efforts aimed at finding metaphysical (absolute) truths and meanings of human being (F.M. Dostoyevsky himself often carried out such a search through his famous “metaphysical experiments”). The author draws attention to the fact that the philosophical concept of the relationship of faith and knowledge proposed by F.M. Dostoyevsky can be considered as a valuable research resource in the context of modern searches for a solution to this always relevant and fundamentally complex issue. The author shows a holistic historical and philosophical analysis of the metaphysical views of F.M. Dostoyevsky on the attribution unity of faith and knowledge in the context of modern conceptual ideas about this phenomenon. At this point, the author highlights two aspects: a cross-temporal and comparativistic way of exploring perceptions of faith, represented in the writer's paper, against the background of basic modern views on the phenomenon of faith. This makes it possible to show all their topicality, significance and depth in the most complete and large-scale way. The next stage of the work is a direct analysis of the presentation of the philosophical views of F.M. Dostoyevsky concerning the unity of faith and knowledge.