ОЦЕНКА ГИБРИДОВ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

Sunflower production is an important task for the country’s agro-industrial sector. Environmental testing of promising sunflower hybrids in specific soil and climatic conditions is important, both from the point of view of theoretical research and practice. The studies were carried out on chernozem soils in the conditions of the Penza region in 2016-2019. The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of various sunflower hybrids in terms of productivity. The influence of weather conditions on the duration of the main phases in growth and development of various sunflower hybrids, and photosynthetic activity of crops was studied. When growing sunflower in 2016, biological ripeness occurred in early-maturing hybrids on August 27, in the mid-early hybrid 10 days later, and mid-season hybrids on September 19. In 2017, the biological ripeness of all hybrids came later compared to 2016. In 2018, biological ripeness came later than in 2016 and 2017. In 2019, early-maturing hybrids had biological ripeness on August 26 ... 28, mid-early September 4, mid-season September 20. Studies have established the peculiarities of the sunflower achenes formation depending on the hybrid: Neoma hybrid achenes were larger in comparison with the achenes of other hybrids, and the smallest achenes were in the early-season Amis hybrid. The mass of 1000 achenes in all hybrids was greatest in the marginal part of the basket. The highest yield of oilseeds on average over the years of research was obtained for the mid-season Neoma hybrid. According to the research results, the most productive and stable hybrids in the Penza region were identified, having an adaptability coefficient of more than one. The highest oil content in seeds on average over the years of research was obtained when growing an early-season Fortimi hybrid.