Abstract
Abstract. The aim of study was to detect the fungal and mycotoxins contamination of grain samples of oat, wheat and barley grown in four regions of Ural region (Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk) in 2017–2018. Methods. The infection of grain with fungi was analyzed using traditional mycological methods; the content of fungal DNA was determined by quantitative PCR; the presence and amounts of toxic secondary metabolites of fungi in the grain was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results. In the analyzed grain samples at least 10 species of Fusarium fungi were identified, among which F. sporotrichioides, F. avenaceum sensu lato and F. poae were found to be prevailing. The areas of Fusarium species that are atypical for the territory of Ural region were specified. F. graminearum was found in 14 % of the analyzed grain samples, and F. langsethiae was detected in three grain samples from the Sverdlovsk region. The DNA of F. poae was found in 48 % of grain samples, F. avenaceum DNA – in 39 %, F. sporotrichioides DNA – in 30 %, and F. graminearum DNA – in 29 % of analyzed grain samples. The content of mycotoxins in the grain samples ranged significantly depending on the crop and the geographical origin of the samples. One to seven mycotoxins were present in each contaminated grain sample. T-2 and HT-2 toxins were most common and were detected in 59 % of samples. Following to them beauvericin and deoxynivalenol were found in 34 % and 25 % of the grain samples, respectively. The excess of the maximum permissible level of T-2 toxin in 26 times was detected in grain of barley from the Chelyabinsk region Scientific novelty. For the first time, the information about the occurrence and the amounts of moniliformin and beauvericin, which are rarely analyzed in the grain, is provided. The significant connection between the content of DNA of dominant Fusarium species and the amount of the main mycotoxins produced by them in the grain were revealed.
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