Расчет акустической эффективности глушителей шума выпуска автотранспортных двигателей внутреннего сгорания

Abstract

Insertion losses as the main characteristic that mathematically describes the acoustic efficiency of a noise silencer has been considered. This characteristic shows the reduction of noise generated by its source, in particular by the internal combustion engine’s exhaust system, at the control point as a silencer use result. Has been presented a mathematical description of the insertion losses, and have been considered parameters necessary for calculating this characteristic. Has been demonstrated the analytical dependence of impedance for the sound emission by the exhaust system’s end hole from the coefficient of acoustic waves reflection by this hole. The performed analysis of the widely used formulas for calculating the coefficient of sound reflection by the end hole has showed their insufficient accuracy for project designs performing. Have been proposed calculation dependences providing high accuracy for calculations of the reflection coefficient modulus, and the attached length of the channel end hole without a flange in the entire range of the existence of plane waves in it. It has been shown that the end correction of this hole at ka = 0 is 0.6127, and not 0.6133, as it was mistakenly believed until now in world acoustics. Has been proposed a method for calculation the exhaust noise source internal impedance. This method more accurately, in comparison with the already known ones, describes the acoustic processes in the internal combustion engine’s exhaust manifold, thanks to increases the accuracy of calculation the silencer acoustic efficiency, that allows develop the silencer at the early stages of the design of an automotive internal combustion engine.