인간 진화에 따른 다리 근육 및 발 결합조직의 변화 개관

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review important changes in studies on plantaris, peroneus tertius, and plantar aponeurosis according to human evolution.BR Method: For this overview study, we searched papers published in Pubmed by 2021. The keywords of the search engine were leg muscle, evolution, plantaris, peroneus tertius, plantar aponeurosis, and plantar fascia. Research papers related to primates were excluded from this study. A total of 22 papers, including 8 papers related to the plantaris, 9 papers related to the peroneus tertius, and 5 papers related to the plantar aponeurosis were accepted and analyzed for this overview.BR Results: Plantaris is a vestigial muscle but has recently been shown to be a useful graft for the lateral ankle ligament and hand tendon. Peroneus tertius is a human-specific muscle that serves to parallelize the sole of the foot to the ground for adaptation to bipedal gait and its final evolution seems not to be finished yet. Plantar aponeurosis has been shown to be an adaptation to evolved human bipedal walking while providing a unique windlass mechanism in cooperation with longitudinal arch.BR Conclusion: In conclusion, plantaris, peroneus tertius, and plantar aponeurosis have undergone important changes along with human bipedalism evolution and are closely related to modern leg and foot injuries. Therefore, this aspect should be considered carefully when diagnosing and treating related leg and foot injuries.