Адаптація студентів-першокурсників до умов навчання у закладах вищої освіти

Abstract

The problem of adaptation of first-year students is a topical issue of higher education institutions. Adaptation of students is a rather complex and long process that lasts during all years of study in a higher education institution, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. One of the important criteria for the adaptation of freshmen to the conditions of stay and the learning process in higher education is their health. The stronger the health of students, the more successful their adaptation. The article presents the deteriorating health of first-year students; interpretation of the concept of «adaptation»; various forms (types) of adaptation of student's youth are considered; factors influencing the adaptation process; difficulties in adapting freshmen. Independent physical education and sports in extracurricular time contribute to the more successful adaptation of freshmen to the learning process. The article considers the most common forms of independent physical education classes among students. Adaptation takes place during all years of study, but the most important and problematic period is the period of study in the first year. Admission to free economic education is determined by changes in the living conditions of students, leads to the destruction of previously developed habits, skills, values ​​of former high school students, partial or complete loss of relationships with former classmates and more. There are several (types) of forms of adaptation: formal adaptation, refers to the cognitive and informational adaptation of students to the new environment, to the structure of higher education, to the requirements and their obligations; social adaptation – the process of internal integration of groups of first-year students and the integration of these groups with the student environment as a whole; didactic adaptation, concerns the preparation of students for new forms and methods of educational work in higher education.