ФІЗИЧНА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ДІТЕЙ ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ З МІОПІЄЮ І–ІІІ СТУПЕНЮ

Abstract

Physical rehabilitation of children with myopia is a difficult process and requires a long-term, systematic and stage-by-stage use of a complex of means for restoration acuity of vision. Kinesiotherapy (respiration and twist exercises), finger and articulatory gymnastics, methods of Onnuri Therapy, reflexotherapy, instrumental physiotherapy, etc. are usually used for this, and that taken together leads to the positive effect and restoration of visual system. Nevertheless, in progressive forms of myopia these physical methods are not always effective. The objective – theoretical justification of the necessity and the essence of physical rehabilitation during myopia, analysis and summation of list of research and methodological literature concerning the study of influence of physical rehabilitation on physical development and psychoemotional state of pupils with myopia of various degrees. Methods. Sources of literature (scientific papers, textbooks, manuals, synopses of thesis works) chosen from the electronic database of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Russian scientific electronic library «eLibrary», Web of Science, PubMed, PEDro, etc. Results. On the basis of literary sources, it has been established that the increase in number of cases of myopia of pupils is, in the first place, connected with the increase in visual loadings. The main pathogenic link of the acquired myopia is sclera distension. Children affected by the acquired myopia have a combination of corneal thinning and the increase of its horizontal diameter and the length of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye that indicates the distension of the eye cornea. The corneal thinning is accompanied by its sensory decrement from 19 % to 57 % depending on the degree of the disease and by the decrease of the rigidity of the outer layer of the eye. The corneal thinning is one of the objective criteria of myopia progression, that involves inclusion of keratopachymetry to the complex of obligatory examinations of myopia patients for defining a rational therapeutic approaches. Children with myopia with corneal thinning form a risk group in regard to the development of retinal degeneration. Conclusions. Myopia is a current medical and social problem of the present. Physical rehabilitation of such children is a difficult and long-term process, which requires a systematic and stage-by-stage use of its various means.