ВИНИКНЕННЯ ТА РОЛЬ ІНСТИТУТУ ПРЕФЕКТА В КОНТЕКСТІ «ФОРМУЛ» ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇН

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the institution of the prefect, its origin, formation and appointment. The role of the prefecture as an institution of legal regulation and as a model on the ground in terms of «formulas» that exist in European practice is analyzed. Doctrinal approaches to the concept of «prefect» are studied. It is found that the origin of the term dates back to ancient Rome, in which the official headed a separate unit of the administration, court or army. It is defined that in the modern sense the word «prefect» has two meanings, namely: as a senior representative of the state at the departmental or regional level (function) and as a rank (specialization), which is divided into several classes with career development. For a more detailed understanding of the concept of «prefect», its functions are listed and characterized, namely: political, administrative and socio-economic. The political direction of the prefect's activity involves representing the government in departments and regions, informing it about the state of affairs, and supervising the rule of law. Administrative functions include coordinating the work of government agencies, operational management of the fire service, police management and control over the activities of local governments. The socio-economic aspect of the prefect's activities is aimed at implementing government programs at the departmental and regional levels. The study also focuses on the «formulas» for the introduction of the prefecture. The French, Italian, Spanish and Polish «formulas» for the introduction of the prefecture institute are analyzed. Their significance and experience for the respective countries are outlined. It is noted that the nature of the origin of prefects as state representatives in the analyzed countries provides for the implementation of executive power on the ground, has a common order of appointment and constitutional consolidation.