Роль образования в социализации детей и подростков с психической патологией

Abstract

Background : the requirements for a person at the present stage the acquisition of both academic knowledge and complex social skills in the process of growing up presuppose. Their development is impossible outside the framework of systematic training activities and mastering the function of self-control. Education of children and adolescents with mental disorders and the presence of mental disorders is an important interdisciplinary problem, including along with education (including psychoeducation), socialization, as well the quality of their functioning in society in adulthood as determining. Purpose : to ascertain the modern tendencies in education of mental ill children and adolescents, their role in sociorehabilitative process. Material : the data of a long standing observation, treatment and follow-up of more than 3,500 mental ill children and adolescents (male: female ratio of 2,5:1) registered in one of the Moscow psychoneurological dispensery were analyzed. Results and conclusion : the prevalence of outpatients with non-psychotic mental pathology was established with nosological distribution as follows: 35% — organic non-psychotic disorders, 25–30% — mental retardation, 20–25% — neurotic, affective disorders and personality pathology in total, 13–15% — schizophrenia and schizophrenic spectrum disorders. 18–20% had disablement. In the whole contingent only 1–3% proved to be completely uneducated. The majority of the patients preserved ability for learning to a certain extent but 35–40% of them could not manage in common school and were need of special conditions. The main factors associated with educational difficulties in adolescents were considered. The impact of psychoeducation and psychotherapeutic programmes were emphasized.