Повышение огнестойкости полимерных строительных материалов для обеспечения пожарной безопасности работников

Abstract

Occupational safety is a crucial factor in the protection of employees in the service and production industries. It is specifically critical for the construction industry where fire safety measures must be taken into account. Ensuring the fire safety for employees is a complex task requiring constant attention and observance of established rules and procedures. Currently, integrated measures are implemented and certain results are achieved in the sphere of the further implementation of economic reforms in the building materials industry, including the expansion of the production of the most up-to-date materials, structures, and products, and the expansion of their range. The study provides methods to increase the fire resistance of polymer building materials; their physical & mechanical and thermodynamic properties as well as the optimal proportions of fly ash and phosphogypsum to obtain composites for such materials have been investigated. The studies of the elementary composition of industrial manmade wastes and their X-ray diffraction analysis have shown that they mainly consist of silicon dioxide that by more than 80 % consists of the amorphous phase. With the X-ray diffraction analysis, it has been determined that the introduction of fly ash fillers and phosphogypsum waste into the composition increases the thermal stability of polymer materials. The main cause is metal and silicon oxides and phosphorous compounds resistant to temperatures and with the properties of flame-retardants contained in the polymer composite as introduced additives. Based on experimental tests, the fire-resisting properties of the polymer-containing building materials modified with fire-resisting compositions consisting of binding polymer flame-retardant additives and fillers have been studied. The oxygen index increased from 18.5 to 33 %, whereas the mass loss at thermal oxidation decreased from 97.5 to 73–75.5 %, and the flammability level, under GOST 28157, was changed from PV-2 to PV-0.