Навигационно-пилотажная система беспилотного летательного аппарата для мониторинга лесных пожаров

Abstract

Forest fires are a common natural disaster all over the world. A great number of fires occur annually in the forest ecosystems of the European North of Russia for natural reasons and as a result of anthropogenic impacts. One of the urgent problems of forestry is the organization of effective control of forest fires. Herewith, it is important to quickly detect the source of fire, as well as to monitor the development of the fire, and to coordinate the actions of the staff of the ground forest protection services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of different classes are increasingly used for these purposes. For forestry experience and, especially for forest fire monitoring, the most practical are helicopter-type UAV, which do not require special training of staff. Such devices can operate in the mode of “fire tower” and in the mode of monitoring the edge of the fire with an option to reset information pennants at certain points. The use of UAV is an effective means of monitoring the fire situation in addition to existing methods and technologies, and especially in cases of impossibility of using highresolution satellite images for operative tasks. For the effective operation of UAV in the area of active forest fires and, thus, strong smoke, navigation and piloting systems are necessary to perform safe flights outside the action of the ground control panel located at the starting point. The aim of this work is to develop a navigation and piloting system for UAV, which can be used in the area of limitation of ground control point. The use of such systems will allow monitoring of the fire situation in real time, which is especially important in the organization of protection and suppression of forest fires in large areas of nature reserves, where the priority is to preserve the biological diversity of natural ecosystems and unique landscapes. This article may be of interest to forestry specialists, developers of UAV and equipment, fire protection and the Ministry of Emergency Situations staff, as well as to engineering students to gain experience with UAV.