Abstract
Comparison of the level of bio-molecular components related with the working of GABA from reactive astrocytes through different types of exercise was performed. For the exercise of STZ induced AD rats activity wheel was used for voluntary exercise and treadmill was used for forced exercise for 6 weeks. To equalize the amount of exercise, the voluntary exercise was performed ahead, and then the forced exercise was given. For the analysis, hippocampus, astrocytes around hippocampus, and blood were used. Cognitive function was evaluated with the radial-arm maze and step-down avoidance apparatus. Exercise groups showed a significant improving compared to non-exercise group(p.05). GFAP expression was significantly decreased in exercise groups, and the lowest value showed in the voluntary exercise group(p.001). In GABA, analogous pattern to GFAP was observed. Corticosterone level, forced exercise showed an increase (p.05), while voluntary exercise showed a decrease compared to non-exercise STZ group(p.01). The expression of SIRT1 protein showed no significant difference between non-exercise groups, however voluntary exercise group showed a significant increase compared to non-exercise group and to forced exercise group(p.001). With these results, we were able to assume that exercise can reduce the conversion of astrocytes to reactive form and can drop the GABA concentration with an increase of SIRT1 protein in the brain. It may be interpreted as that any kind of exercise could be beneficial to AD. However, a meaningful difference exist between the forced and the voluntary type of exercise on their effects on GABA and stress in AD subjects. Results made us to assure that properly programmed exercise should be developed in consideration of the specific disease as well as AD. We also can suggest that well-designed human studies on memory impairment in AD with specifically designed exercise programs reflect characteristics of exercise as forced or voluntary type are needed to clarify this matter.
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