Патогенез генитального склероатрофического лихена: потенциальные генетические и иммунные маркеры развития

Abstract

Lichen sclerosus is a hard-to-diagnose chronic inflammatory skin disease that is difficult to treat; it significantly reduces patient’s quality of life and is associated with a high risk of genital tract disorders and genital cancer development. Mechanisms of autoimmunity, endocrine disorders, infectious agents, and genetic predisposition are considered as prognostic factors for lichen sclerosus. The search for pathogenetic markers of lichen sclerosus development in recent years has been in the area of investigating immunological factors and the genes encoding them, which include p53, p16IINK4, p27Kip1, EMC1, FOXO3, CDKN1B, galectin-7, interleukins-6 and -10, microRNA, tumor necrosis factor-α, and collagen types I, III, V. These markers are potential therapeutic targets requiring further study and analysis and may form the basis for understanding the true etiology and pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. Key words: extracellular matrix protein, galectin-7, vulvar lichen sclerosus, interleukins, microRNA, oxidative stress, lichen sclerosus, tumor necrosis factor-α