Abstract
The study of the stress state in the puncture zone will be incomplete without a detailed consideration and analysis of the picture of stresses arising at the ends of the VAC, because it was from them that the destruction of some rail ends began during testing. An assessment of the effect of various types of loading on the VP will help to understand more deeply the mechanism of the formation of gouges and gouges and explain why defects 11 and 21 do not occur in this section.One of the most important criteria for assessing the stress state of structures with cracks is the stress intensity coefficient (KIN) [98, 101]. It not only determines the stress state at the crack tip, but can also be used to predict the crack growth rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the stress intensity coefficients at the points of the VAC front.
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