ЭВРИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ В РЕШЕНИИ МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАЧ БУДУЩИМИ ТЕХНОЛОГАМИ И КОНСТРУКТОРАМИ

Abstract

The modern stage of development of mechanical engineering is characterized by the need for highly qualified specialists who are ready for a quick change of production conditions. The problems of preparing machine builders for the dynamics of the world of work determine the search for new means of developing their heuristic professionally-oriented competencies. In the prevailing socio-political and economic conditions, characteristic directions of rapid transformations of production conditions are determined, such as changes in the product range, product release programs, equipment and tooling. Heuristic strategies determine options for various promising solutions, significantly reduce the duration of the search for optimal versions. Diagnostics of the readiness of future machine builders to solve problems using heuristics revealed significant problems associated with the predominance of a low level of development of technical thinking (up to 57% of respondents) and insufficient motivation (up to 82%) to use heuristic approaches in future professional activity. Experimental work in groups of future machine builders proved that the integrated introduction of command forms into the educational process of training machine builders, the development of heuristic techniques for solving production tasks allows to intensify the process of preparation for changes in production conditions. The frequency of using heuristic techniques increased by 47.3%, the number of students with increased (from 31.3% to 45.7%) or high (from 5.2% to 12.7%) levels of such skills increased, manifestations of a high level of general skills of using heuristic techniques in technical tasks of future professional activity increased (an increase of 7.1%).