СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ ОМСКОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

Abstract

Spring barley is a key grain-fodder and fodder crop, which forms an increased yield compared to other grain-fodder crops due to early maturity and drought resistance. Taking into account climatic factors and production demands, breeding for increased productivity and adaptability to local natural and climatic factors, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses is relevant today. The purpose of the research was to assess the fitness of spring barley varieties (Hordeum sativum L.) bred by the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center for the conditions of climate transition from continental to sharply continental in Western Siberia. The object of the research: eleven varieties of spring barley, which belong to the multi-row hulled (standard ‘Omskiy 99’), two-row hulled (standard ‘Omskiy 95’), multi-row hulless or “naked” (standard ‘Omskiy golozerny 2’) and two-row hulless (standard ‘Omskiy golozerny 1’). The studies were carried out in the zone of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia from 2011 to 2019. The coefficient of linear regression and the stability of the reaction of the yield of varieties were calculated. Under the conditions of the continental and sharply continental climate of Western Siberia, the average yield of spring barley for the period of research was 4.03 t/ha (Lim. = 2.23–5.63 t/ha). The intensive group includes varieties ‘Omskiy golozerny 4’, ‘Sibirskiy Avangard’ and ‘Sasha’ (regression coefficient more than 1). Increased stability of the yield was noted in the varieties ‘Omskiy golozerny 2’, ‘Omskiy golozerny 1’, ‘Sasha’, ‘Omskiy 90’, ‘Omskiy 96’, ‘Omskiy 100’ (stability variance less than 0.29). Varieties ‘Omskiy 96’ and ‘Omskiy 100’ are characterized by full compliance of the formed yield with those agrotechnical conditions in which they are grown at a fairly stable level of productivity formation. The highest average yield over the years of the study was formed by the varieties ‘Sasha’ (4.70 t/ha) with values of plasticity (regression coefficient is equal 1.1) and stability (stability variance is equal 0.18), ‘Omskiy 100’ (4.89 t/ha; 1.02; 0.11, respectively). We recommend them for cultivation in the region.