Конституційно-правове положення етноспільнот (національних меншин, корінних народів) в Україні

Abstract

The Constitution of Ukraine (Art. 11) guarantees the promotion of ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity of all indigenous peoples and national minorities of Ukraine Adoption after the end of the Second World War, international documents confirm the fundamental rights to self-determination of all peoples, by virtue of which they freely establish their political status and freely carry out their economic, social and cultural development. Studies of scientific sources of domestic and foreign scientists on the development and formation of the constitutional and legal position of ethno-national communities of Ukraine for the period of 1917 to the present have been made. It was found out that with the creation of the UPR ethno-community that lived on its territory in accordance with the legal acts issued by the UPR, they had the opportunity to both identify and exercise the rights granted, to contribute to the development of the UPR. With the overthrow of the UPR in Soviet times in relation to national minorities, the authorities began to gradually implement repressive measures such as deportation of peoples, murders, restrictions on the realization of personal rights and freedoms, etc. It is proved that only after Ukraine gained independence in 1991, ethno-national communities were able, on the basis of adopted laws, to start building national life again as part of the Ukrainian state. As a result of the study, a list of guarantees provided by the state in the sphere of realization and/or protection of the rights of Ukrainian citizens belonging to ethniccommunities has been identified and outlined. The disclosed content of normative legal acts that regulate the existence of ethno-communities of Ukraine is: the Constitution of Ukraine, the laws of Ukraine "On national minorities (communities) of Ukraine", "On the indigenous peoples of Ukraine", the Declaration of the Rights of Nationalities of Ukraine, etc. Attention is paid to the influence of international legal regulations on the definition of sustainable standards for the development of ethno-national life in Ukraine It is proved that the current ethno-national legislation regulating the system of legal relations of ethno-communities is aimed at implementing and meeting their natural needs in cultural, informational and educational, religious, linguistic and other spheres, in order to collect and further resolve their own originality. Common and distinctive features of the conceptual apparatus (definitions) regarding individual features that are inherent in ethno-communities have been identified It has been determined and proved its own opinion that belongs to the category of controversy regarding the content of certain legal norms that are applied in the current legislation.