БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА МАЛЫХ ВОДОЕМОВ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫХ В ПАРКОВЫХ ЗОНАХ ГОРОДА МОСКВЫ

Abstract

The article describes the biological and ecological state of ponds of three park zones located in northern, central and western administrative districts of Moscow. The area of reservoirs varied from 0.12 to 3.71 ha, average depth varied from 1.12 to 2.4 m. The analysis of hydrobiological material in accordance with existing criteria has been carried out. Total and seasonal concentration and biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos are determined. During observation period in composition of algocenosis prevailed representatives of following groups of algae: Volvocophyceae, Desmidiales, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Protococcophyceae, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta. Concentration of algae in ponds varied from 0.58 up to 6.78 mln/l, total biomass varied from 0.87 to 9.70 mg/l. Zooplankton of the inspected ponds was represented by species of three systematic groups: Rotatoria, Cladocera and Copepoda. Concentration of zooplankton organisms varied from 0.0055 to 3.9432 mln/m3, biomass varied from 0.05 to 18.60 g/m3. Zoobenthos included Oligochaeta, Clitellata and insect larvae (Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera). Prevalence of various representatives of plankton groups depended on the season of the year. In zoobentos samples there were found oligochaeta, chironomid and mayfly larvae, caddisflies and leeches. Higher plants were represented by 8 hydrophytic species, 1 species with floating leaves and 10 aerial coastal species. Ichthyofauna of ponds included 12 species among which aborigen species were common carp, crucian carp, roach, bream, tench, verkhovka, Amur sleeper, pike, perch, pike-perch; invasive species were grass carp, silver carp. The investigations of the large Golytsinsky pond have demonstrated that episodic releases of silver carp (spotted and hybrid) make possible to utilize both zooplankton and phytoplankton, and release of grass carp helps utilize higher water plants.