Концентрація важких металів у яловичині за використання різнотипових раціонів бугайців

Abstract

The complex environmental situation that arose in the Polissya region of Ukraine as a response to the Chernobyl accident and uncontrolled activities of industrial enterprises, imposes a direct threat on the pop elation’s and descendants’ health. Therefore, the scientific studies aimed at investigating into the affect of heavy metals and their concentration in the products, developed in the area of radiological contamination, on animal organisms, are essential to the population residing and running subsidiary farms in this territory. The purpose of our research was to study the quality of beef made in the area of radiological contamination, as well as the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) in organisms of fattening bull-calves under the different ration types. In order to achieve this objective, the following tasks were set: to study the contamination of feed rations with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn); to determine the concentration of heavy metals in the longest back muscles and liver; to determine coefficients of heavy metal conversion from feeds to slaughter products. The scientific-and-practical research was conducted in the physiological yard of the Polissya Institute of Agriculture NAAS (density of radioactive contamination of the territory was 5 Ci / km2) in two analogue groups of bull-calves of Ukrainian black-and-pockmarked dairy breed during the stall period –8 heads per each with an average living weight of 270-276,2 kg. The duration of the preparatory and research periods was 32 and 148 days respectively. Feeding the studied animals was carried out in groups twice daily with auto drinking bowl watering. Under the scheme of our experiment, for research and preparatory periods, fattening bull-calves in the control group (I) received the silage-and-root concentrated ration, which contained corn and clover silage in 54.9% nutritional value, concentrated feeds in 36,3%, and roughage in 8,8%. During the preparatory period, bull-calves from the experimental group (II), akin to their control analogues, were kept on the same diet. Yet, during the experimental period, their 20% (nutritional value) silage feeds were replaced with fodder and sugar beets. The structure of the feed rations was: corn and clover silage - 34.8%, beets - 20.3% and concentrated feeds - 36.0%, and roughage - 8.9%. Self-manufactured feeds were used while feeding animals. As a result, we have studied the migration of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc from ration feeds to the products for different types of bull-calve feeding. Results of heavy metal pollution (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) of the longest back muscle and liver of animals based on their feeding under the different ration types, were highlighted. Coefficients of heavy metal conversion into slaughter products were determined. The use of silage-root-concentrate diet had a positive impact on beef quality, lowering down the concentration of Pb in the longest back muscle by 36,2% and Cd – by 34,1%, with almost identical concentration of copper and zinc. The accumulation of cadmium and zinc in livers of the experimental animals was lower than that of the control group by 46,6% and 37,4% respectively.