Философия как язык богов: Платон и вопрос о правильности имен

Abstract

The article discusses the origins of the first philosophy, which was mentioned by Aristotle. In particular, using the material of the early Greek texts, the author shows how the difference between the language of gods and the language of people was transformed into the opposition of the philosophical and everyday levels of language, because of which myth becomes logos, poetic theology – the first philosophy. The author claims that by taking away the sacred function of poetry, philosophy inevitably rationalises and thus profanes its subject. If the language of gods was regarded as a perfect language, similar to that of Biblical Adam, for philosophers it is no longer something mysterious and inaccessible to the mind – it is reduced to the theoretical problem of the correctness of names. It appears that the appearance of philosophy, the rethinking of the status of language and the place of people in the world prepared the ground for the first philosophy, or theology. The development of this tradition can be found not only in philosophers (like Plotinus), but also in Augustine and other thinkers of the patristic age.