Abstract
The Purpose of this work was to determine microvascular changes in the macular zone with diabetes mellitus (DM) and with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Materials and methods. 60 patients were inspected (109 eyes) between the ages 58.20 ± 3.27 with DM (patients without clinical DR and with different stages of DR). The control group consisted of 75 healthy subjects (150 eyes) and was compared by gender and age to the DR group. OCT-A was performed with the help of the instrument RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue Inc, USA) in the Angio Retina settings with the scanning field dimensions 3 x 3 mm and 6 x 6 mm. The density of the top vascular plexus in the capillary network was evaluated in 9 quadrants, in the foveal and parafoveal zones, and in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Results. In patients with D, all groups were observed to have a significantly decreased density in blood flow in the top capillary network and a widened FAZ in comparison with the control group. The decrease density of blood flow was more evident in groups with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (prePDR) and with proliferative DR (PDR), averaging at 16.6 % / 13.6 % and 15.5 % / 7.5 % in scanning fields of 3 x 3 mm / 6 x 6 mm, respectively. The FAZ field with DM and DR was at 38.5 %, with nonproliferated DR - at 26.9 %, with prePDR - at 65.4 %, and with PDR at 30.8 % higher than the control group. Conclusion. OCT-A allowed the identity of microvascular changes within the macular zone with DM in even the most early stages of the disease, when there were no manifestations of DR at the eye’s fundus. Early indicators of changes in the microcirculatory path of the retina with DM were qualitative and quantitative changes. These changes were within the FAZ and in the decreased density of the surfacevascular plexus in the capillary network within the scanning fields of 3 x 3 mm Russian ophthalmological journal. 2017; 10 (2): 40-5. (in Russian). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2017-10-2-40-45.
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