Методологічні аспекти отримання подвоєних гаплоїдів пшениці твердої методом віддаленої гібридизації

Abstract

Tetraploid wheat doubled haploid production is an important stage of a breeding process. Durum wheat is a low responsive to anther culture method species. Wide hybridization is a worldwide method of haploid plants obtaining. The study of this method efficiency and its adaptation to South Ukraine genotypes and agroclimatic conditions was carried out in this research. Material for investigation included spring durum wheat varieties and hybrids. Maize or Sorghum pollen was used for pollination as haploproducer. Flowering synchronization of wheat plants and pollinators was performed. It was determined that cultivation in a greenhouse to the stage of 3−4 leaves followed by further field growing is optimal for maize application as a pollinator. Under the field conditions maize plants start producing pollen at the beginning of June, while durum wheat flowers do the same at the beginning of May. Owing to the late maize flowering castration and pollination could not be performed on a main wheat spike (which is the most effective). It should be noted that caryopses developed under the soil and air drought. This is also a limiting factor for spring durum wheat doubled haploid production. The effect of five methods of post-pollination spike treatment on a seed formation was analyzed. Different hormone solutions for treatment and two locations for growing of pollinated spikes (in the field and in vitro ) were used. The most effective treatment methods for pollinated flowers were determined. Keywords: durum wheat, double haploids, haploproducer, wide hybridization, embryo culture.