АНАЛИЗ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ РАКОМ ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ В АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Current: despite the measures taken, cancer incidence is a serious problem all over the world. Mortality from rectal cancer is one of the highest among malignant diseases. According to social prognoses, within 20 years, the indicators of oncological strain may worsen by 2-2.5 times. The aim of this study was identification of epidemiological features of the dynamics of the main indicators of the incidence of rectal cancer in the Arkhangelsk region over the past 10 years. Materials and methods. The analysis was carried out on the basis of information materials of the Federal Cancer Register, as well as the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific center of Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The main indicators of the incidence of rectal cancer (C20) in the Arkhangelsk region from 2011 to 2021 (per 100,000 population) were studied. The results of the study and their discussion. The incidence of rectal cancer in the Arkhangelsk region was 10-15% (and in some years more than 30%) higher than the average in the Russian Federation. During the time period under study, two dramatic growth spurts were noted: in 2014 and 2019. The mortality rate from rectal cancer in the Arkhangelsk region is also much higher (by 20-50% in different years) than the average in Russia. The indicator of active detection in the region until 2019 was 2-3 times lower than the average in Russia. It was only in 2019 that it almost approached the average Russian values thanks to the development and implementation of a special program «Control of oncological diseases 2019-2024». Conclusion. Morbidity and mortality from rectal cancer in the Arkhangelsk region remains quite high. The measures introduced aimed at combating oncological diseases over the past 2 years, there have been positive trends in the early diagnosis of the disease and the reduction of mortality from it. High levels of morbidity and mortality in the studied territory of the Russian Federation require the search for their individual causes, and the improvement of the health system in these regions.