Современные методы диагностики диабетической периферической полинейропатии, вопросы лечения и профилактики

Abstract

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs in more than half of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy develops as a result of demyelination, which leads to pain, early disability, followed by a decrease in the quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A systematic search was conducted for studies based on the RSCI and PubMed databases for the period from 2019 to 2023 on the topic of modern methods of diagnosing diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy, prevention and treatment in adult patients, which gave 929 matches. We have analyzed 40 scientific publications. DISCUSSION. Timely early diagnosis improves the clinical outcomes of diabetic polyneuropathy. In type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia is the main risk factor for complications, and glycemic control, in turn, prevents the development of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In type 2 diabetes, the main risk factor for the development of the diabetic peripheral neuropathy is metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION. Confocal microscopy of the cornea, along with nociceptive evoked potentials, is a promising method for detecting early signs of diabetic polyneuropathy. The use of sodium-glucose cotransporter -2 inhibitors represents a new direction in the prevention and treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. KEYWORDS: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, quality of life, alpha-lipoic acid, confocal microscopy of the cornea