Заболеваемость школьников и эффективность диспансерного наблюдения на различных этапах обучения

Abstract

The publication presents results of investigation of health of 437 school students at diff erent stages of school education (before entering school, after the 1st grade, at the moment of transition to subject-oriented learning and upon completion of school education) and depending on the school starting age. Dynamic detectability analysis of school students with consideration for the school starting age within a period of 10 years has shown an increase in the ratio of school students with diseases of the upper respiratory tract, skeletomuscular system and vision organs. Substantial growth of the listed pathologies was predominant at the 2nd and the 4th stages of observation and predominantly in school students who started their education at the age of 6 and 8. The data obtained have enhanced the importance of formation of healthy lifestyle habits and skills in the students and their parents within the framework of the National Priority Projects of Russia. Aim of study. To evaluate the state of health in school students who started their education at different ages within a 10-years observation period based on dynamic analysis of depleted and general incidence, detection rate of the relevant pathology (ARVI) and health index. Material and methods. Within the framework of the study, dynamic evaluation of the state of health in 437 school students at diff erent stages of school education (before entering school, aft er the 1st grade, at the moment of transition to subject-oriented learning and upon completion of school education) based on medical history and medical documents, data obtained from clinical examination, statements of physicians in niche specialities based on medical checkup data. Th e results obtained are presented for groups of school students with consideration for the school starting age.Results. Results of the study with analysis of school students’ health state indices attest to a decrease in functional reserves and a more adverse trend in incidence indices (depleted, general and the number of diseases per one student in a year) during school education among children who started their education at the age of 6 and 8. Conclusion. The presented analysis of schools students’ state of health at diff erent stages of school education depending on the school starting age has made it possible to present generalised data on the incidence in school students over a 10-years period of dynamic observation, outline adverse trends in the state of health in children who started their school education at the age of 6 and 8 years and to note the necessity of a more careful attention to children at a lower chronological age in comparison to a more functionally prepared peers, while that increases the probability of maladaptation under the circumstances of school workload with consequent deterioration of the child’s health and high incidence during the whole period of studying.