Встановлення раціонального діаметра свердловин при вибуховому руйнуванні скельних гірських масивів

Abstract

The results of studies on establishing a rational diameter of wells during the destruction of rock massifs by an explosion are presented. It is proved that the diameter of the borehole for explosive destruction of rocks belongs to the main parameters of drilling and blasting in quarries, and its value should be selected depending on the type of explosive, properties and degree of disturbance of rock masses. To determine the rational diameter of the wells, it is proposed to use an improved methodology for assessing the technical and economic indicators of blasting in quarries. A formula is presented that relates the unit cost of blasting to the main technical and economic indicators of an explosion, in particular to the diameter of the borehole charge of an explosive, and the natural properties of the rock mass. For geological and technological conditions of an iron ore mining quarry, graphical dependences of changes in the unit cost of blasting were obtained for different values of the diameter of wells for rocks with different categories of fracturing. The most rational standard values of the diameters of the wells were established during drilling operations with Atlas Copco Pit VIPER 275 machines for mountain ranges with varying degrees of disturbance. The results of scientific research allow for specific mining and geological conditions of field development at a known cost of drilling at a quarry and the cost of explosives used, taking into account their loading, to establish the most rational diameter of wells for explosive destruction of rocks.