ТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ СИСТЕМЫ МЕЛИОРАЦИИ КАК РЕЗЕРВ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

Abstract

One of the little-used reserves to improve the efficiency of agriculture, through technical modernization, is the development of melioration. The most effective method of mechanized irrigation is sprinkling, which contributes to the greatest moisture penetration to plants. This method allows you to moisten the leaf surface, soil and ground layers of air, which saves in the dry period. Reducing the park of sprinkling equipment for a number of years led to a reduction in the area of irrigated land, and the operating machines were practically not used due to moral and physical deterioration, the lack of spare parts for repairs and high energy costs. The indicator of the use of sprinklers in the context of the region, in particular, by the agricultural producers of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014, was 93 percent. At the same time, 13 districts of the region do not have irrigation machines. An application of sprinklers for the cultivation of crops in agriculture is economically justified and promising. The modernization of irrigation equipment should consist in replacing imported, expensive spare parts and parts with cheaper and produced in Russia, wide introduction of an open irrigation system with high efficiency, low energy consumption. To implement these measures, state support measures are necessary. At the same time, the approved mechanism of state subsidizing of machinery manufacturing plants is adopted with a lack of subsidies, which will lead to further development of the situation associated with the technical impoverishment of the agricultural sector. This assumption is proved by the forecast of the level of watering equipment in the Russian Federation until 2020, which takes into account the current trends in the development of a sprinkler park and watering machines and plants.