Ефективність використання сопел типу Вентурі при отриманні водних рослинних екстрактів

Abstract

Technologies for obtaining extracts from plant raw materials require constant improvement due to the significant variety of species, composition and physical and chemical properties of plant raw materials. The constant increase in the volume of manufacturing products and preparations using plant extracts ma¬keit actual to search for individual approaches. Currently, cavitation technologies are considered to be one of the most effective in the treatment of gaseous, solid, and liquid media and are used in various industries. The transformation and redistribution of energy, which occur during the formation and collapse of steam-gas bubbles due to the creation of a high difference in pressure, temperature, and potential, corre¬spondd to their maximum values and contribute to increasing the active dynamic influence on the complex heterogeneous systems. During extraction, the use of hydrodynamic cavitation is allowed to effectively carry out the process of active destructtion of plant cell walls, increase the contact area between phases and intensify mass exchange processes. The design of the equip¬ment, the performance profile of the working devices, the flow parameters (absolute pressure and velocity), the critical pressure Pcav, as well as the material properties have a significant impact on the hydrodynamic conditions of the cavitation treatment. The results of research on determination the effectiveness of the use of venturi nozzles in the extraction of dry flowers of calendulaare presented in the article. The research was carried out with cavitation reactor nozzle neck with diameters of 0.006 m, 0.008 m, 0.01 m and 0.012 m. The nozzle with the minimum diameter of the neck (0.006 m) corresponds to the lowest cavitation number, which indicate the highest dispersion efficiency, but the high dispersity of the suspension makes it difficult to separate insoluble substances from the extract. In theresearch, it was established that a nozzle with diameters of 0.008 m and 0.01 mm is rational to be used. The duration of processing should be no more than 60 cycles to avoid overheating of the mixture and to prevent a critical dispersity index at which the process of filtering and separating the extract from the exhausted raw materials is significantly complicated.