ФАУНА ИКСОДОВЫХ КЛЕЩЕЙ – ПЕРЕНОСЧИКОВ ПИРОПЛАЗМИДОЗОВ И ЗОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИХ ЭКОЛОГИИ

Abstract

The North-Caucasian region, in terms of natural and climatic characteristics is the most favorable for the development of ixodid ticks - carriers of pathogens of blood-parasitic diseases of farm animals. In the conditions of various natural-geographical zones of Dagestan 22 species of ixodid ticks belonging to 8 genera and two families were identified on domestic animals. When ticks, parasitizing onwild animals are counted, their number increases to 32 species included in 9 genera, which is about 50% of all species, of tick fauna in our republic. Areas of ixodid activation and sites of animal infection coincide with the optimal landscape-geographical distribution zones with a high abundance and infection of the genus Hyalomma. Within the boundaries of the foci of ixodids, three typological belts are distinguished: - plain, foothill and mountainous regions of Dagestan, in which populations of the main carriers of pyroplasmidosis, H. scupense live (Schulze, 1918); I. ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758); B. annulatus (Say, 1821); H. p. plumbeum (Panz, 1795); H. a. anatolicum (Koch, 1944). The ixodid species begins to show activity at an average monthly temperature +10.5 ° C, an average monthly precipitation 47 mm, with a day length of 12 hours. The peak of parasitizing on hosts is observed at an average monthly air temperature +12.2 °C, an average monthly precipitation 60 mm, at the length of the day 14 hours. Autumn activation is recorded at an ambient temperature +15 °C, an average monthly precipitation 62 mm, with a day length 13 hours.