Овуляторная дисфункция в репродуктивном возрасте: распространенность, критерии диагностики, клинические формы

Abstract

The regular menstrual cycle is one of the key health indicators in women of reproductive age, while its disorders most often demonstrate the presence of ovarian dysfunction (OD). Women with OD are at risk of infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and oncopathology. The aim of this review was to systematize the current data on the prevalence, clinical forms, and methods of diagnosis of OD. OD is very common in the female population, has a complex etiopathogenesis, is one of the symptoms of serious endocrinopathies, genetic disorders, and is a frequent cause of infertility. The main types of OD are oligo/anovulation (OA) and luteal phase deficiency (LPD). Depending on the nature of hormonal disorders, hypogonadotropic, normogonadotropic, hypergonadotropic OD and OD against the background of hyperprolactinemia are distinguished. Clinical manifestations of OD include oligo/amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding and may have a subclinical course without menstrual irregularities. The diagnosis of OD is a challenging task that requires a thorough collection of menstrual history, determination of serum progesterone levels in the luteal phase, evaluation of instrumental examination results. Differential diagnosis of OD is necessary for detecting the clinical form of OD and should be based on the use of modern clinical protocols and standardized algorithms. Key words: ovarian dysfunction, oligo/anovulation, oligo/amenorrhea, menstrual disorders, luteal phase deficiency