Институциональный подход к оценке качества ценных бумаг и качественный отбор

Abstract

In nowadays economy of foreign countries and Russia institutional approaches are mostly created to determine the quality of products, and to a lesser extent, they are applied in assessing the quality of stock liquidity. The securities, including stocks, commodities are nonphysical nature. Thus, we can introduce the following definition: the quality of the securities is a set of its characteristics, related to its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. The assessment of the quality of the securities is a measure of compliance the realization of the rights, conferred on security, which allows to determine the satisfaction, established or suspected needs of the shareholder as an ownership of the securities. The assessment of quality of the shares liquidity is an actual problem of development of the securities market. However, it is little studied, because of its complexity. The compliance with the quality parameters of shares to shareholders query parameters can be measured by generalized indicators of quality, that we offer to enter, based on the formation of a number of informal rules. Since the introduced institutions of formation of quality and choice base comparison is not yet directly related to the informal rules, that exist in the memory of investors and shareholders in the form of texts, scientific propositions, brought to formula expressions, as guarantors of implementation, which are the individuals or investment companies - the issuer. Thus, the quality rate of shares is a value measure of correspondence between the parameters of bases of comparison and shares, relating to nonphysical goods. This paper also proposes a methodology and methods for assessing the quality of facilities and the customer satisfaction level. Through the use of a similarity measure, the generalized quality metrics were developed, which in the most general case can be taken into account peculiarities and specific functioning of subjects in the economy, based on the knowledge. The specific types of generalized indicators of quality were introduced. The choice of a base of comparison, arising from the formulation of the problem, was proved. The results can be applied in the field of quality management and the organization of production in various industries