ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОЦЕССА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОГАЗА ПРИ АНАЭРОБНОЙ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ

Abstract

The biogas extraction process's theoretical description during carbon containing agricultural waste's anaerobic digestion is considered. This proposed installation's work for biogas and organic fertilizers production during waste's anaerobic digestion is described. These anaerobic methods' advantage as biological treatment's unlike classical aerobic methods, when all bacteria work under the same conditions, with properly organized anaerobic processes is made, the separated bacteria in different physico-chemical conditions working. This makes it possible the anaerobic digestion process in productivity terms optimizing, managing and, ultimately, the waste processing quality improving. Based on the proposed biogas installation, the equations for the biogas yield determining are obtained. The of pig manure biogas output's theoretical results with crushed corn grain's addition are presented. This biogas installation's calculation method on the biogas output in dependence on empirical and technical parameters' design is based. The aim is biogas and biofertilizer's production during pig manure fermentation intensity increasing. The proposed biogas installation in psychophilic (3-25°C), mesophilic (25-40°C) and thermophilic (40-55°C) temperature conditions can operating. The substrate is heated by biogas through a vortex tube passing. The organic substances' anaerobic processing leads the biodegradable substances' main part into CO2, H2O and NH3 decompositing. Bacteria such as Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas and Clostridium play a key role in this process by enzymatic hydrolysis and acid's formation carrying out. The theoretical calculations show that the highest biogas producing with a content of solid particles in the fertilizer of no more than 8,8-10% and substrate's effective mixing is achieved. The organic waste processing into biogas is justify and preferable. This product (biogas) everywhere can be used, both on individual agricultural firms and in general in agriculture, where it will be the most effective using.