Кохлеарная имплантация как метод слуховой реабилитации в разных возрастных группах

Abstract

As of 2021, there are approximately 1.5 billion people with hearing loss worldwide. Slightly less than a third of patients have severe hearing impairment. Severe hearing loss occurs in all age groups, but with age the incidence of high-grade hearing loss increases. There are different ways to rehabilitate severe hearing impairment, but cochlear implantation is the most effective. Cochlear implantation as a method of hearing rehabilitation is used in all age groups. The goals achieved by cochlear implantation depend on the type of hearing loss. When performing cochlear implantation in a patient with prelingual hearing loss, the goal is to restore the auditory sensation for the formation of speech, improve the quality of life. In patients with postlingual hearing loss, the goal of cochlear implantation is to restore hearing to improve quality of life, reduce anxiety, depression, and eliminate the negative impact of hearing loss on cognitive function. It has been traditionally believed that the decline in cognitive function in elderly and senile people is a natural result of aging. However, recent studies indicate that the rate of cognitive decline in elderly and senile patients depends on many factors. In addition, when performing cochlear implantation, it is necessary to evaluate the functioning of the vestibular system since the introduction of an electrode into the inner ear may lead to the development of vestibular disorders. According to recent studies, vestibular disorders also have an impact on cognitive function as well as hearing loss. Simultaneous assessment of the role of hearing impairment and vestibular system disorders on cognitive function has not been carried out, so this line of research is promising.