Анализ современных технических решений, применяемых в конструкциях низкопольных трамвайных вагонов

Abstract

Objective: To show the prospects of using public urban transport and, first of all, high-capacity light rail rolling stock for urban transportation, and in the immediate future, the possibility of completely abandoning private vehicles for movement around the city. As a result, this will help lessen the traffic jam load in Russian megacities. Methods: The authors have analyzed and applied best practice of the leading tram companies in Europe (Vienna, Prague, Riga, etc.), analyzed the most progressive designs of the rolling stock and their undercarriage, and compared foreign and domestic experience of service facilities operation. Results: The experience of many European companies has proved the feasibility of using cars with swivel bogies, which have a beneficial effect on the track and make it possible to pass curves of small radii. The use of wagons made of multi-link structures allowed designing a completely low-floor cabin. It is advisable to place a gearbox and an electric drive on the outside of the low-floor car undercarriage, or to use a gearless drive and low-speed electric motors. Practical importance: The introduction of low-floor cars in cities improves the accessibility of this type of transport for passengers, primarily for passengers with disabilities, and significantly reduces the time of their boarding (disembarking). The advantage of cars with swivel bogies is shown. The increased complexity of the undercarriage design allows designers to create an extremely low floor cabin, but this consequently leads to an increase in the cost of rolling stock, an increase in repair costs, stricter requirements for the support services and a demand for highly qualified technical personnel. It is recommended to purchase domestic low-floor rolling stock as the most adapted to operation in Russian cities.