ГНОСЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДИЛЕММА ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО И РАЦИОНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДОВ В ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВРЕМЕНИ

Abstract

Cognition of time is one of the fundamental tasks of philosophy and science. We can say that the progress of society was to a large extent ensured by the acquisition of the idea of time by mankind. Without the knowledge of time, neither the economic nor the spiritual life of society would be feasible. For the economic life of society, time is periods of work in the field of agriculture, the establishment of work regimes, etc. For the spiritual activity of people, time is the “historyˮ of society, cultures, civilizations, the regulation of traditional rituals, holidays, the secret of life, death and immortality of people, etc. If the economic life of people makes a demand for the knowledge of time, due to the nature of human existence that striving for cognition of time itself, for the purpose of spiritual enrichment, without being mediated by pragmatic demands, is one of the secrets of the human mind. Philosophy is that specific form of cognition that ensures the satisfaction of a person's need for knowledge of the essence of the world and its existence in time, the essence of the temporal existence of society and man and the essence of time itself. The article examines the study of time that has developed in the philosophical tradition in the aspect of epistemological alternatives to empiricism and rationalism. The analysis of the concepts of time given in the works of modern thinkers is given. A variant of the nomological concept of time is proposed and substantiated.