ЕКОНОМІКО-ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

The modern conditions in which the cities of Ukraine find themselves dictate new conditions for the development and functioning of public transport infrastructure, which is primarily due to the challenges of martial law, threats of constant shelling by the enemy, and increased safety requirements for passengers. However, the problems of loading city transport networks have not receded into the background, but have become even more acute. Therefore, the substantiation of organizational and economic tools that will change approaches to the effective functioning and development of public transport in the conditions of martial law requires serious research. The article defines the economic importance of public transport and defines its key prospects for citizens and the entire city. Public transport is a socially important service that is usually provided or simply controlled by the state. Socio-economic indicators, which depend on the developed infrastructure of public transport, are substantiated. A model for optimizing routes and entire public transport networks is proposed. Optimal models of public transport system functioning under martial law are analyzed. The criteria of the public transport optimization project have been determined: existing transport, transport demand, the desired transport model of the city, data on passenger flows for calibration and the desired optimization criteria. Conflicting reasons for residents' choice of individual transport rather than public transport have been studied. Comfortable and profitable tools for passengers using public transport are offered. The European experience and standards of public transport infrastructure functioning of European countries are systematized. The experience of European countries shows that in order to optimize public transport routes, specialists create special transport models that reflect the current or projected future demand for transport. On the basis of the conducted research, the main directions of the development of public transport in Ukrainian cities in the conditions of martial law are proposed.