Abstract
Repair of cartilage defects associated with injury or pathology is a clinically relevant problem. Chondral tissue, especially articular cartilages, has a poor regenerative potential. Inflammation triggers the growth of connective tissue, which cannot exert the normal function of the hyaline cartilage. This contributes to the progression of the pathology and eventually raises the need for surgery. At present, there are no pharmaceutical drugs capable of restoring the damaged cartilage. However, advances in cell-based technology hold promise for regenerative medicine. Reports describing fabrication of autologous cartilage transplants pose a special interest. A registration dossier of a biomedical cell product must contain the product’s specifications, presenting the basic characteristics of the product that can be used to assess its quality. This review looks at a few basic parameters that can be used to verify the authenticity of the cell product derived from autologous chondrocytes and describe its specifications.
Highlights
Repair of cartilage defects associated with injury or pathology is a clinically relevant problem
These treatments are effective in very early stages of OA when its clinical manifestations are minimal or absent. This is due to the structural properties of the articular cartilage: cartilaginous tissue consists of the abundant extracellular matrix with few functional cells, i.e. chondrocytes that exhibit low plasticity and proliferative activity
A study reports that cells seeded at the density of 1.6 × 106 chondrocytes per 1 cm2 and grown for 10 weeks generated a 291-μm-thick construct; of that size, calcified tissue amounted to 77 μm [30]
Summary
Eremeev AV1 , Zubkova OA1, Ruchko ES1,2, Lagarkova MA1, Sidorov VS1, Ragozin AO1 1 Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical and Chemical Medicine, FMBA, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. Using cell-based technology for engineering a graft identical to the native cartilage obviates the need for harvesting large volumes of human tissue, reduces the number of surgical interventions (for example, microtia repair normally takes 2 to 5 interventions), improves the cosmetic outcome, and makes the entire procedure less laborious. Cell-based medicinal products for articular cartilage regeneration are an alternative to classic reconstructive surgery involving subchondral drilling and abrasive arthroplasty Some of such treatments are already available on the market, while others are currently undergoing clinical trials. These treatments are effective in very early stages of OA when its clinical manifestations are minimal or absent This is due to the structural properties of the articular cartilage: cartilaginous tissue consists of the abundant extracellular matrix with few functional cells, i.e. chondrocytes that exhibit low plasticity and proliferative activity. This is why articular cartilages cannot heal spontaneously in physiological conditions
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